Botanical Guide to Peonies
Peonies, belonging to the genus Paeonia, are perennial flowering plants known for their large, often fragrant blooms. They are cherished in gardens and floral arrangements for their lush appearance and wide range of colours.
Species
There are about 33 species of peonies, which can be broadly categorised into three main types:
Herbaceous Peonies: These die back to ground level in winter and regrow each spring. They are the most common type found in gardens and are characterised by their bushy habit and array of colours.
Tree Peonies: These have a woody structure and do not die back in winter. They are generally hardier and can grow larger, producing stunning, often larger flowers compared to herbaceous varieties.
Itoh or Intersectional Peonies: A hybrid between herbaceous and tree peonies, they possess traits from both categories. Itoh peonies have strong stems, lush foliage, and a unique range of blossom characteristics.
Cultivation
Climate
Peonies thrive in temperate climates, preferring well-drained soil and an environment that experiences a cold winter. This cold exposure is critical for flower production.
Soil
Well-drained, loamy soil is ideal. The pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (6.0-7.0). Amending soil with organic compost can enhance fertility and drainage.
Planting
Timing: Plant peonies either in early spring as soon as the soil is workable or in autumn before the first frost.
Depth: For herbaceous varieties, plant tubers with the eyes (buds) facing up, approximately 2.5-5 cm below the soil surface. For tree peonies, ensure the graft union sits above the soil level.
Watering and Fertilising
Peonies prefer moderate watering. Once established, they are quite drought-tolerant. Fertilise with a balanced fertiliser in early spring, avoiding high nitrogen levels which can promote foliage at the expense of blooms.
Maintenance
Staking: Tall varieties may require staking to support their heavy blooms.
Deadheading: Remove spent flowers to encourage a neat appearance and prevent seed formation, directing energy back into the plant.
Pruning: Herbaceous peonies should be cut back to the ground in late autumn. Tree peonies can be pruned lightly to shape the plant and remove dead or damaged stems.
Pests and Diseases
Peonies can be susceptible to several pests, including aphids and ants. Fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew, can occur, particularly in humid conditions. Good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering can mitigate these issues.
Uses
Peonies are widely celebrated for their ornamental value and are often used in wedding bouquets and floral arrangements. Their blooms can last up to a week when properly cared for, making them a popular choice for both gardeners and florists.
Hong Kong florist
Peonies are a timeless and enchanting addition to any garden or floral collection. With the right conditions and care, these beautiful plants can flourish and provide stunning displays year after year. Their versatility and charm make them a favourite among flower enthusiasts.
